Mango Cultivation in India
### 🍋 Basic Facts
– Scientific Name: *Mangifera indica*
– Family: Anacardiaceae
– Type: Tropical fruit; India’s national fruit
– Origin: Native to India and Southeast Asia
– Climate: Grows best in tropical and subtropical climates
– Soil: Well-drained alluvial, lateritic, or loamy soils (pH: 5.5–7.5)
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### 🌾 Production & Area
– India is the world’s largest producer of mangoes
– Contributes over 40% of global mango production
#### Top Mango-Producing States (2022-23)
| Rank | State | Approx. Share (%) |
|——|—————|——————|
| 1 | Uttar Pradesh | ~22% |
| 2 | Andhra Pradesh| ~15% |
| 3 | Telangana | ~9% |
| 4 | Bihar | ~7% |
| 5 | Karnataka | ~6% |
– Major Varieties: Alphonso (Ratnagiri), Dasheri (UP), Langra (Bihar), Banganapalli (AP), Kesar (Gujarat), Totapuri (South India)
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### 📊 Production Data (2022–23 Estimates)
– Area under cultivation: ~2.3 million hectares
– Total production: ~21 million tonnes (source: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare)
– Average productivity: ~9 tonnes/hectare
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### 🚢 Exports
– Major export destinations: UAE, Bangladesh, UK, Saudi Arabia, Nepal, USA
– Exported products: Fresh mangoes, mango pulp, juice, pickles
– Top exported variety: Alphonso
– Export bodies: APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority)
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### 🧪 Initiatives & Technology
– Mango Genome Sequencing: Carried out by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
– GI Tags:
– Alphonso (Ratnagiri, Maharashtra)
– Dussehri (Malihabad, UP)
– Banganapalle (Andhra Pradesh)
– Gir Kesar (Gujarat)
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### 🌱 Horticulture Schemes
– Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)
– Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
– National Horticulture Board (NHB) — supports cold chains, storage, post-harvest processing
### 🔍 Interesting Facts
– India celebrates National Mango Day on July 22.
– Mangoes are rich in vitamin A, C, and antioxidants.
– The Malihabad region in UP is famous for Dasheri mango orchards and traditional grafting techniques.
– Mango is referenced in ancient Indian texts and is part of rituals and festivals.
